Literature Review Risk Perception - 1709 Words

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Risk Perception In behavioral and cognitive psychology, it is widely recognized that humans are not always rational decision makers. Even when humans learn of new, relevant information, it is difficult to predict how that information will in turn affect decisions and behaviors. Previous studies have concluded that there is no significant relationship between sexual knowledge and safe sex. One notion that is an antecedent to adopting protective behavior is risk perception. Risk perception is a subjective judgment, and in situations where the risk is high enough, an individual will perhaps change his or her behavior. Thus, in terms of condom use, people will use condoms if the costs of potential illness†¦show more content†¦To assess the optimistic bias in risk perception, the researchers asked participants to estimate their own risk, in addition to the risk of others, and consistent with the theory, the results showed that participants judged their own risk lower than the average risk. Implications for this in terms of HIV/AIDS would be that this cognitive bias could cloud people’s judgment and make it difficult to recognize that a future infection can be avoided entirely if appropriate preventative measures are taken in the present. Additionally, the literature offers two more potential factors underlying underestimation of risk. The first is the idea of adolescent invulnerability, in that adolescents inherently understate their own risk in comparison to not only adults, but also their peers in their communities. - Second, the authors explore the idea that admitting to being at risk of HIV means admitting to place oneself in the category of a stigmatized person. - In South Africa, HIV/AIDS carries a huge stigma and is often associated with homosexuality and prostitution. Adolescents are at an age where they are uncertain about their identities, and having to come to terms with the fact that they are high-risk individuals may lead ado lescents to assume that others perceive them and associate them with a stigmatized person. This could potentially be problematic, as risk perception is oftenShow MoreRelatedKnowledge and Perception of Parents Towards Risk of Obesity in Their Preschool Children: Literature Review1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Literature Knowledge and perception of parents towards risk of obesity in their preschool children Student Id: Contents Literature Review 1 Barriers that parents encounter over the choice of food for their preschool child 2 Parental concerns in engaging their preschool child in physical activities 3 References 5 Appendix 6 Literature Review A major health concern of parents today is the obesity problem in children. 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